Box 19800120-005
Container
Contains 50 Collections and/or Records:
Committee, Planning (UA Campus) 1955 - 1956
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 1
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Committee, Pre-medical and Pre-dental studies 1953 - 1956
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 2
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Committee, Research 1949 - 1952
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 3
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Committee, Rhodes and Fulbright Scholars 1954 - 1956
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 4
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Committee, Student Life 1954 - 1955
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 6
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Committee, University Day 1954
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 7
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Committee, University Press 1955 - 1956
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 8
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Committee, University Research 1953 - 1954
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 9
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Committee, University Research 1953 - 1956
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 10
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Committee, University Research 1954 - 1955
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 11
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Committees 1953 - 1957
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 12
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Committees, Drives and Solicitations 1953 - 1956
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 13
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Committee, Student Health 1955 - 1956
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 5
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Communism in Education 1953 - 1954
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 14
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Concert Lecture Series 1954 - 1956
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 15
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Corolla 1953 - 1956
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 17
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Council for Financial Aid for Education 1953 - 1956
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 18
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Council of Deans 1953
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 19
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Council, Foreign Relations 1953 - 1957
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 20
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Condolences 1953 - 1956
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 16
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Council for the Study of Higher Education in Florida 1955
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 22
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Crackpot File 1956
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 23
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Crimson - White 1955 - 1956
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 24
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Deans' Luncheons 1955 - 1956
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 36
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Deanship 1954
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 37
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Debate Council 1954 - 1956
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 38
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Denny, George H., Chancellor 1953 - 1956
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 39
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Dentistry, School of 1953 - 1955
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 40
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Dictionary of American Biography 1939 and 1955 - 1956
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 41
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Dinner Parties (President's Home) 1954
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 42
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Douglas, Dr. Gilbert F. 1953 - 1954
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 45
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1944-1959
Council of Southern Mountain Workers, 1953 - 1957
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 21
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1953 - 1957
C - Misc: Cad-Cal, 1953 - 1957
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 25
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1953 - 1957
C - Misc: Cam-Carn, 1953 - 1957
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 26
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1953 - 1957
C - Misc: Carp-Cart, 1953 - 1957
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 27
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1953 - 1957
C - Misc: Cas-Caw, 1953 - 1957
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 28
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1953 - 1957
C - Misc: Ch, 1953 - 1957
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 29
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1953 - 1957
C - Misc: Ci, 1953 - 1957
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 30
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1953 - 1957
C - Misc: Cl-Colg, 1953 - 1957
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 31
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1953 - 1957
C - Misc: Coll-Con, 1953 - 1957
File — Box: 19800120-005, Frame: 32
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1953 - 1957
C - Misc: Coo-Cox, 1953 - 1957
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 33
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1953 - 1957
C - Misc: Cr-Cu, 1953 - 1957
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 34
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1953 - 1957
Dean's List, 1953 - 1957
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 35
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1953 - 1957
Doan, Gilbert E. , 1953 - 1957
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 43
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1953 - 1957
Dothan Rotary Club, 1953 - 1957
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 44
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1953 - 1957
D - Misc: Da, 1953 - 1957
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 46
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1953 - 1957
D - Misc: De, 1953 - 1957
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 47
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1953 - 1957
D - Misc: Di , 1953 - 1957
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 48
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1953 - 1957
D - Misc: Do-Dr, 1953 - 1957
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 49
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1953 - 1957
D - Misc: Du, 1953 - 1957
File — Box: 19800120-005, Folder: 50
Scope and Contents
From the Record Group:
The record group contains records created or used by Dr. Oliver C. Carmichael, president of the University of Alabama from 1953 to 1957. These records include correspondence, reports, and general records. Of special interest within the Carmichael records is material related to Autherine Lucy, who in 1956 became the first African American student to enroll at The University of Alabama. She was expelled a few days later due to protests and riots on campus. The record group contains four...
Dates:
1953 - 1957